The Parque Natural de la Tinença de Benifassà covers 31,753 hectares at the northern tip of Castellón province, where the Terol and Tarragona mountain ranges converge into a rugged limestone and slate landscape. Elevations range from 400 metres in the Sénia gorge to 1,236 metres at Turmell, making this massif one of the densest forested areas on the western Mediterranean coast. The air in the clearings carries box and thyme; deep in the ravines, cold water pulls scents of moss and damp earth. The park remains largely off the mass-tourism circuit thanks to difficult access: only a network of minor roads and forest tracks links the six inhabited settlements scattered across the territory.
Vegetation reflects the park's position at the boundary between Mediterranean and Euro-Siberian climates. Lower slopes host maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) and cork oak with rockrose and buckthorn understory. Above 800 metres, Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea) and downy oak take over, mixed with Montpellier maple and wild walnut in the valley floors. The Sénia River and its tributaries —Barranc dels Molins, riu Ulldemó, barranc de la Valltorta— support gallery forests of aspen, narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) and white willow. Spring triggers orchid flowering in the mesophilous meadows: Orchis mascula and Anacamptis pyramidalis push their pink spikes through the grass before summer heat arrives.
The fauna centres on montane Mediterranean raptors. Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata) nests on limestone cliffs deep in the park, and griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) rides thermals above the ravines for hours without a wingbeat. Great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) drums through the pine stands in a sound that carries clearly across the hillside. Among mammals, roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) inhabits the moist oak woodland zones, while otter (Lutra lutra) has returned to the Sénia following sustained water quality improvements over recent decades. Wet ravines shelter fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra), marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus), and Iberian frog (Rana iberica), which requires clean cold water to breed.
Cultural heritage links monastic history with rural hydraulics. The Cistercian monastery of Benifassà, granted by King James I of Aragon in 1233, was the colonising centre of the entire comarca. Its Gothic church and six surrounding stone villages —Fredes, La Pobla de Benifassà, Coratxar, Ballestar, El Boixar and Castell de Cabres— preserve dry-stone architecture and intact irrigation channels feeding terraced kitchen gardens. The restored medieval Molins de Racó mill shows how the Barranc dels Molins powered the agricultural economy for centuries. The GR-7 and PR-CV-155 trails link all these settlements on routes of 8 to 22 kilometres with 200 to 700 metres of cumulative elevation gain.
