Parque Natural de S'Albufera de Mallorca

The S'Albufera de Mallorca Natural Park covers 1,708 hectares of coastal wetland between the municipalities of Muro and Sa Pobla in the northeast of the island. It is the largest wetland in the Balearic Islands and one of the most important in the western Mediterranean for bird migration. Its system of canals, freshwater and brackish lagoons, reedbeds and seasonally flooded meadows stretches from the dune line of Muro beach to the farmland inland, forming a strip 2 to 4 km wide that functions as a transition zone between the sea and the agricultural plain. At dawn, as low mist lifts off the lagoons, the simultaneous sound of dozens of bird species — herons, coots, cormorants, harriers — produces an acoustic density found nowhere else on Mallorca.

S'Albufera has been exploited by humans since Roman times. In the 19th century a British company (the New Majorca Land Company) attempted to drain the wetland for farming, excavating the canal network that still structures the park: the Gran Canal, 7 km long, connects the interior to the sea outlet at the Pont dels Anglesos. This canal and its branches, though built for drainage, became the hydrological skeleton that maintains the wetland's balance. The partial draining failed, but left the canal and sluice infrastructure now used to manage water levels according to each season's ecological needs.

The park holds over 300 recorded bird species, of which around 64 breed in the wetland. Permanent residents include the grey heron, the purple swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio) — whose S'Albufera population is among the densest in Europe — the mallard and the Eurasian coot. During migration (March–May and August–October), the wetland receives flamingos, spoonbills, black-tailed godwits, ruffs and various wader species that use S'Albufera as a stopover on the Mediterranean flyway. In winter, censuses record 10,000 to 15,000 waterbirds. The osprey (Pandion haliaetus), with around 20 breeding pairs on Mallorca, is frequently seen hunting grey mullet and eels above the park's lagoons.

Visits are organised along four waymarked itineraries totalling about 12 km that connect the main bird hides. Paths are flat, compacted earth, and run between Phragmites australis reedbeds that in places exceed 3 metres, creating green corridors where views are limited to what opens at each clearing. The hides are wooden structures with slots at various heights allowing photography of the lagoons without disturbing birds. The Colombar itinerary (3.5 km, 1.5 hours) is the most popular and passes four hides overlooking the principal lagoons. Dawn (the first hour after the park opens) and the two hours before closing are the peak times for birdwatching activity.

The park has no direct coastline, but Muro beach — one of Mallorca's longest, with 6 km of fine sand and dunes — forms its northern boundary. This beach acts as a natural barrier between the sea and the wetland. The dunes, restored over recent decades following urbanisation pressure, host plants such as sea daffodil (Pancratium maritimum) and marram grass (Ammophila arenaria). The contrast between the tourist beach of Muro and the stillness of the wetland, separated by barely 200 metres of dunes, encapsulates the tension between conservation and development that has shaped S'Albufera's history. Its declaration as a Natural Park in 1988 (the first in the Balearic Islands) halted urban expansion and established the current protection regime, which prohibits hunting, fishing and motor-vehicle access within the park's perimeter.